Structure of the Octave (November 1 to November 8)

---

---

On November 4, the primary Mass celebrated the bishop St. Charles Borromeo (wearing white). However, immediately after praying for St. Charles, the priest chanted the prayers honouring the Octave of All Saints, followed by a third prayer commemorating the martyrs Ss. Vitalis and Agricola. The liturgy effortlessly carried three distinct spiritual memories at once.

About Saint Charles Borromeo

• Role: Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan (1564–1584).
• Counter-Reformation Leader: He played a major role in the final sessions of the Council of Trent, helped create the Tridentine Catechism, and reformed clergy training by establishing seminaries.
• Charity in Crisis: During the 1576 famine and plague in Milan, he used his own wealth and went into debt to feed tens of thousands of people daily, and he personally cared for the sick.
• Patronage: He is the patron saint of bishops, cardinals, seminarians, catechists, spiritual directors, and those suffering from stomach diseases

---